Search results for "cognitive models"

Using meta-analytic path analysis to test theoretical predictions in health behavior: An illustration based on meta-analyses of the theory of planned…

2016

Abstract Objective Synthesizing research on social cognitive theories applied to health behavior is an important step in the development of an evidence base of psychological factors as targets for effective behavioral interventions. However, few meta-analyses of research on social cognitive theories in health contexts have conducted simultaneous tests of theoretically-stipulated pattern effects using path analysis. We argue that conducting path analyses of meta-analytic effects among constructs from social cognitive theories is important to test nomological validity, account for mediation effects, and evaluate unique effects of theory constructs independent of past behavior. We illustrate o…

The Applications of Cognitive Mechanism of Verbal Humour to the Adjustment of Depressive Mood

2018

Aims: To apply the findings of neurolinguistic research to the practical technological artifact design, the cognitive mechanism of verbal humour is comprehensively investigated and designed with EEG-based Brain Computer interfaces and Mobile Health, under the guidance of technology design theory, to help with the adjustment of depressive mood. Application Base: The intervention effect of verbal humour on depressive mood is rooted in their cognitive mechanisms. The right hemisphere of the brain has a dominant effect on both verbal humour and depressive mood; some specific brain regions, such as amygdala, nucleus accumbens, hippocampus etc., are particularly activated during the processing of…

Part 2. They scare because we care: The relationship between obsessive intrusive thoughts and appraisals and control strategies across 15 cities

2014

Abstract Cognitive models of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) purport that obsessions are normal intrusive thoughts that are misappraised as significant, leading to negative emotional responses and maladaptive attempts to control the thoughts and related emotions. This paper utilised a large multi-national dataset of interview data regarding intrusive thoughts, to investigate three questions related to the cognitive model of OCD and to its stability across cultures. First, the paper aimed to investigate the implicit yet-hitherto-untested assumption of cognitive models that misappraisals and control strategies for intrusive thoughts relate similarly across cultures. Second, this study aim…

Using meta-analytic path analysis to test theoretical predictions in health behavior: An illustration based on meta-analyses of the theory of planned…

2016

Objective Synthesizing research on social cognitive theories applied to health behavior is an important step in the development of an evidence base of psychological factors as targets for effective behavioral interventions. However, few meta-analyses of research on social cognitive theories in health contexts have conducted simultaneous tests of theoretically-stipulated pattern effects using path analysis. We argue that conducting path analyses of meta-analytic effects among constructs from social cognitive theories is important to test nomological validity, account for mediation effects, and evaluate unique effects of theory constructs independent of past behavior. We illustrate our points…

El control de la comprensión de textos científicos en inglés como lengua extranjera, en estudiantes universitarios españoles no bilingües : evaluació…

2013

'Esta tesis presenta un estudio sobre el uso de estrategias metacognitivas y su impacto en la comprensión lectora en inglés como LE de estudiantes universitarios españoles. Se analiza dónde se encuentran las deficiencias, en su caso, y cómo pueden ser superadas mediante intervenciones didácticas apropiadas. Los estudios empíricos realizados se agrupan en tres grandes bloques. El primer bloque está dedicado a la caracterización de los estudiantes universitarios en lo que respecta a su competencia lectora en inglés. Un primer estudio evalúa el dominio lingüístico en inglés y las principales dificultades que presentan estos estudiantes para poder comunicar y comprender ideas básicas en esta le…

Henkilöhahmon sisäinen konflikti Väinö Linnan romaanissa Tuntematon sotilas

2015

The object of this study is character´s internal conflict in the novel. The primary research question is: What are the internal conflicts of characters like in Väinö Linna’s novel The Unknown Soldier? An answer to the primary research question is sought by answering the following secondary research questions: What are the specific internal conflicts like? How do they manifest? What are the most important effects they have on the structure of the narrative? What kinds of groups of characters are possible to form? How could the traditional notion of characters internal conflict, as it is traditionally defined in literary studies, be developed? In this study, internal conflict takes place when…

Patented intelligence: Cloning human decision models for Industry 4.0

2018

Industry 4.0 is a trend related to smart factories, which are cyber-physical spaces populated and controlled by the collective intelligence for the autonomous and highly flexible manufacturing purposes. Artificial Intelligence (AI) embedded into various planning, production, and management processes in Industry 4.0 must take the initiative and responsibility for making necessary real-time decisions in many cases. In this paper, we suggest the Pi-Mind technology as a compromise between completely human-expert-driven decision-making and AI-driven decision-making. Pi-Mind enables capturing, cloning and patenting essential parameters of the decision models from a particular human expert making …

The Psychology of Thinking in Creating AI

2021

The broad-scale emergence of AI in industry calls forth basic questions in terms of the knowledge bases and approaches relevant for its design. Engineering design has been mainly developed for electromechanical artifacts. In practice, this has meant that the scientific knowledge required for creating technical artifacts such as engines, cars, ships, cranes, telephones, radios, TVs, and simple data processing units has been natural science. However, one cannot find intelligent processes by means of physics and chemistry. Natural scientific phenomena follow their deterministic laws, but intelligence is based on selection and decision processes. The conceptual landscape of natural science is o…

Spatial representations of the future in Homeric Greek

The aim of this paper is to investigate the space-time mapping of the future in Homeric Greek. It is widely accepted that the spatial adverbs πρόσσω ‘in front’ and ὀπίσσω ‘behind’ in the Homeric poems are used to portray temporal events located in a sequence of aligned entities that follow one after the other on the same path (Dunkel 1983: 66). In such a temporal sequence, or Time-RP model, those adverbs are associated respectively to past and future events in a dichotomous spatial representation of time, without involving a deictic ego-experiencer. After analyzing data from the Homeric poems in a cognitive linguistic perspective, it is found that some temporal uses of the preposition πρό ‘…

Studying Utility of Personal Usage-History: A Software Tool for Enabling Empirical Research

2007

Managing personal information space and working context is complicated in computerized environment. One well-known cause for the problem is that digital information is superficially fragmented into different data types and structures. Several unifying approaches have been proposed to facilitate semantic connections between them. Particularly in personal information retrieval, temporal information has turned to be useful. Hence, in this article, we present an empirical research setting for studying the utility of representing personal usage-history in information retrieval by comparing it with more traditional hierarchical representation. The research setting is based on a software Tool that…